Radiation Therapy for Melanoma

Our Multidisciplinary Approach to Care

Effective melanoma treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, and other specialists. This collaborative effort ensures that each patient receives a personalized treatment plan tailored to their specific needs, optimizing outcomes and providing comprehensive care.

By integrating modern radiation therapy methods and a multidisciplinary approach, Saint John’s Health Center addresses both the physical and emotional aspects of their treatment journey. Our experience in melanoma, including the groundbreaking research and clinical trials conducted at the Saint John’s Cancer Institute, is a substantial benefit to our patients.

About Radiation and Melanoma

Radiation therapy is a pivotal treatment modality for melanoma, particularly when surgery is not feasible or when the cancer has recurred. This web page explores modern radiation therapy methods, including superficial radiotherapy, and discusses how radiation kills cancer cells, when it is recommended, potential side effects, and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to care.

How Radiation Therapy Kills Cancer Cells

Radiation therapy works by focusing high-energy particles or waves, such as X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells, where treatment typically involves imaging systems to preceisly target the treatment area. Superficial radiation uses lower energy x-rays (photons) or electrons because treatment is applied directly to the skin.

X-rays create small breaks in the DNA inside the cancer cells, preventing cancer cells from growing and dividing, ultimately causing them to die. While nearby normal cells can also be affected, they typically recover and return to normal function.

When Radiation Therapy is Recommended?

Radiation therapy is recommended in various scenarios for melanoma patients. It can be used as adjuvant therapy after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence, particularly in cases of desmoplastic melanoma, which has a higher risk of coming back after surgery alone.

Radiation is also utilized for palliation to relieve symptoms in advanced melanoma, such as pain or bleeding caused by metastases. Additionally, it is considered for treating recurrence in lymph nodes after completion lymph node dissection.

Modern Methods of Radiation for Melanoma

Superficial Radiotherapy

Superficial radiotherapy (SRT) is a non-invasive treatment that uses low-power X-rays to target skin-deep cancer cells. This method is particularly effective for non-melanoma skin cancers but can also be considered for certain melanoma cases.

SRT minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues and is often preferred for sensitive areas like the face, scalp, and ears.

Adjuvant Therapy After Lymph Node Dissection

Adjuvant radiation therapy is often recommended after lymph node dissection to lower the chance of melanoma recurrence in the lymph nodes. This approach is particularly beneficial for patients with a high risk of nodal recurrence, helping to improve overall survival rates and reduce the likelihood of further metastasis.

Palliation Therapy

Palliative radiation therapy aims to improve the quality of life for patients with advanced melanoma by alleviating symptoms such as pain, nausea, and fatigue. This type of therapy does not cure cancer but helps manage symptoms and provides emotional support, making it an integral part of comprehensive cancer care.

Side Effects of Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy can cause side effects, which vary depending on the treatment area and dose. Common side effects include skin problems like redness and irritation, fatigue, hair loss in the treated area, and sore mouth or throat if the head or neck is targeted. While most side effects are temporary, some may persist or appear months to years after treatment. Learn more about the radiation treatment process and treatment technologies.